Can you imagine if they'd skipped all of that and put the effort into keeping Search profitable without enshittifying it? Or even just skipped the second part?
The company would have ended up like Stack Overflow? I don't think there was an option for them.
keeping Search profitable without enshittifying it
I don't think Google had much to do with it. It has way more to do with the internet concentrating into major communities where all the content is private. Even Reddit content is going this way. Most FB and Instagram content are private. All of Discord is unreachable by crawlers.Prior to this, just about everything on the web was open for crawlers since content wanted to be found.