They would not be holding the dollars long enough for the interest to matter. Those would instantly be traded for JPY, weakening the dollar and strengthening the yen, because the goal is to influence the exchange rate.
Similar as the credit-swap lines for the Gulf countries: They have enough treasures to sell to cover their cash flow problems (from the blocked Hormuz), but (see above).
* Japan needs dollars to buy yen.
* Japan sells US bonds to the US Fed in exchange for dollars
* Japan uses the dollars to buy up Yen adding Dollars to the market and reducing the number of Yen.
Versus:
* The US Treasury uses Dollars to buy Yen on the open market injecting the same number of dollars and removing the same number of Yen
* Now the US Treasury owns a bunch of Yen it didn't want.
* The US Treasury either has to leave them on the books or, like, maybe buy Japanese government debt so it can get rid of the Yen?
* In any case Japan gets its monetary outcome (price support for the yen) without having to give up reserves (US gov't debt it owns) to do so.
2. What do you mean by 'No it would not'? I am not sure what are you trying to say. If Japan sells US bonds (instead of, as usual, buying), the aggregate demand for US bonds will go down, raising the yield. It seems that that is what the US is trying to prevent.
This thread kicked off with an incorrect belief that Japan had leverage over the US with some threat to spend reserves. That leverage doesn't really exist because it can not have any more effect on the American fiscal position than the one the Treasury just took.
In fact the Treasury is helping Japan maintain a stronger fiscal position by not forcing them to liquidate reserves to protect the yen.
Instead the Treasury is using it's own balance sheet to protect the yen which is bonkers from a monetary "america first" perspective and it only makes sense within the context of the Trump administration protecting the Takaichi government from a crisis caused by Trump's war in Iran.
Anybody with large enough holding of US treasuries has leverage over the US: Large selling of those treasures will raise the yield on them, which is the last thing the US in its current situation needs.
Of course, such selling will crash the treasuries, incurring huge losses to the seller. Still, hoping/pretending there is no leverage is closing your eyes to the reality.
Reciprocally, US has capability to screw over such large holders by inflating itself out of debt, leaving them holding worthless paper/bits.
That's why China has been carefully riding itself out of treasuries for years.
No Japan or China or anyone else who owns treasuries can not control the yield on the US Treasuries because that is controlled by the Fed. The Fed has near infinite power to intervene to make the treasury yields be what they want.
If a country had a lot of US reserves they could increase the supply of dollars on the international markets through a lot of selling. But this is essentially what the US treasury is doing by using dollars to buy yen (with an extra step through Euros to make it more politically palatable)
Your mistake is assuming that the dollar supply and the treasury yield isn't a slider that can be zipped back and forth by the Fed.
Where PRC comes in is they have large amount of USD reserves (and shadow USD from trade) used to parallel lend to governments (BRI etc) which replaces marginal FED USD demand with recycled PRC USD supply, which forces FEDS to find more market buyers, by increasing rates further to clear auctions. Every USD from PRC reserves that goes towards bilateral lending is one not bought from FED that has be be replaced by market buyer at higher yields. Net effect is PRC has functional influence over US treasury yield. Now fed has infinite power to move slider to compete on yield... but in practice that slider can only go the direction that makes US debt servicing more onerous. PRC leverage (JP limited geopolitically) = FED has little power to reverse debt trap but some power to go broke faster. Some power because at some point of $$$ brrrt printing buyers will realize US may not be able to honor commitments and price risk accordingly.
No. The yield is determined by what the buyers demand. The Fed can distort the market by buying treasures themselves. But that is not near infinite power. It fuels inflation and reduces credibility -> investors demand higher yields anyway. It can use other tricks (like 'leaked' Besson's memo), but those also have their limits.
Your mistake is misunderstanding the power central banks have in managing these assets. The Fed can make the yield whatever it wants. The Fed potentially has reasons to let the yield be high but it's a choice.
> The Fed can distort the market by buying treasures themselves
What you call "distorting the market" the Fed would call something like "setting the parameters of the market".
Regardless if you're ideologically opposed to the Fed actively managing the market for treasuries. The fact is that they can, and they do.
> inflation and reduces credibility
So you admit that the Fed has this power but they just choose not to exercise it? In any case, the Treasury's actions "fuels inflation" every bit as much as any intervention the Fed might take in the bond market.
There is no point repeating what maxglute wrote above.
> So you admit that the Fed has this power but they just choose not to exercise it?
Fed has the ability to buy as much treasuries as it wants. However, the power of that ability is limited, especially in situation like we are now, with rising inflation, high debt and dubious US credibility.
Where did I say that the treasure had to borrow money?
It creates money out of thin air. What I implied is that creating too much money raises inflation and reduces its credibility, i.e. it can't do it in an unlimited manner.
The Treasury does not have the ability to "create money out of thin air." That is not how any of this works. The treasury, when it buys something, does so either by using tax receipts or by issuing bonds. The tax receipts are spent. The Treasury is issuing bonds.
The Fed could create money and use it to buy Treasury bonds on the open market, as part of its Open Market Activities to manage interest rates (which is exactly what it would do if the Japanese sold US treasuries)
Ironically, the law actually forbids the Fed from buying bonds directly from the treasury, so the treasury has to float the bonds and then have the Fed buy them off the open market if it chooses to do so. So again you can see how insane this move by the US Treasury is.
To respond to your previous post:
I (naively?) thought that the Treasury had some Euro reserves lying around (like other central banks have USD reserves) and used those, not issuing new USD debt.
I agree that issuing new USD debt just to avoid the need for Japan to sell its USD debt (treasuries) would not reduce the pressure on USD debt.
Most probably it was mostly psychological market manipulation ('leaked' notes).
- the fiscal position (the amount of debt the US owes) does not change by Japan selling the US treasures to other (non US) party
- but the party that bought the treasures from Japan will not be buying them from US, hence diminishing the demand for them, therefore raising the yield
* Instead the US Treasury intervened to protect the Yen, allowing Japan to maintain its reserves while there still ended up being balance sheet consequences for the US