...as others have said, this is a solved problem and has been for quite a while:
https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-vscod...
I might even go that far and say that this solution is on average more robust and more responsive than debugging native code in Xcode.
If you don't mind - what's your specific setup when debugging Sokol, I might start from replicating that workflow?
And only "works" for specific languages.
It should also work for all compiler toolchains that generate DWARF debug info, which is pretty much standard across all compiled languages, otherwise gdb or lldb couldn't be used either with those languages (Microsoft of course does its own thing, as is tradition, but its not like msvc supports wasm output in the first place - Blazor oth appears to support wasm debugging in VS and VSCode)
Given how bad most of WebAssembly tooling still is to this day, versus native languages, I was kind of sceptic.