FWIW all Pascal dialects since the 90s have a string type that allows more than 255 bytes. In Free Pascal strings are pointers to the first character with a header in a negative offset indicating the length, reference count and codepage (these fields are aligned depending on the CPU). For C compatibility the string is also null terminated so you can pass such a string to a C function and it'll work as expected. AFAIK Delphi also does the same.

Easy to say in hindsight.

It was an optimisation made back when every single byte mattered because you might have some kilobytes of memory and a 6502 CPU (where you strongly avoided using 16 bit pointers or arithmetic - because your program would be too bloated otherwise).

At the time Pascal was used, a whole byte for each string was seen as a waste - so fixed length strings were often used instead.