I guess the main question about this kind of routing is if things are safer kept on the unpressurized side or not. And that the risk of a small hole on the hull is offset by reducing the risk of leaks in the pressurised area.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salyut_3
had a machine gun!
There was also Polyus which was going to be an entire battle station designed to counter Reagan's SDI satellites[0], but it never made it into orbit. It had lasers, though.
[0]https://nationalinterest.org/feature/the-rise-fall-the-sovie...
They'd cover around 1.5 billion km (<1 billion miles), and be past Saturn's orbit if fired away from the Sun. But it would not achieve escape velocity on its own, and the station was obviously moving relative to Sun and Earth, so we'd have to account for it too.