If you are going to mention enum and namespaces, the team considers them a design error, and only keeps them around due to backwards compatibility.
I never thought of Typescript (TS) that way. I believe TS is a language addition that enabled smarter JavaScript linters; TS is not a linter program per se.
However, TS is more than that now. The extra annotations enable optimizing transpilers and even compilers (to WASM, for instance). This makes TS much more than just a better linter; I think of TS as a better language.
Java IDEs were taking advantage of them for web development workflows, before VSCode came to be.
Also VSCode main architect is one of the Eclipse original architects.