More practically, this means (in America) that you need a JD degree (4 year grad school), to pass an exam, and pass a(n oftrn horrifically thorough) character background check.

There is a difference between “legal counsel” or “legal representative in court”, with the former being less restricted (“has a law degree” vs “attorney/has passed the bar exam”)

Because of that, I think you can practice law without being admitted to the bar. Chances are it varies by jurisdiction, though.

(And of course, this isn’t legal advice)

I think they are asking about privileged communication

Gonna be hilarious when someone sends a Boston dynamics robot loaded with an llm to take the bar exam.