The way it sometimes bounces emails around in their own systems lead to them sometimes mixing up who actually originally sent the message. This causes all kinds of problems and seems entirely unique to their crappy setup.
You know, you could achieve 100% spam filtering by just deleting every email. You wouldn't see any spam at all!
Regulated "Emails cost 1 penny" would have worked fine. All you need to do to meaningfully fight spam is have a cost that isn't completely negligible; Spammers started out at a rate where they spend less than a day's wages to message literally every human being on the planet; At those costs even finding a single person you can convince of your Nigerian prince account nets you a profit.
We controlled the pipes and the formats in the 90's and 00's almost unilaterally. We should have made a stamp.
Microsoft on the other hand...