Cool project; I was kind of hoping when I saw the title it was a way to emulate USB over MTP, and not have to use the absolutely rubbish Android File Transfer application... but alas, not the case. Oh well.
https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/libmtp/
https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/libusb/
https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/libusb-co...
The other option is to try and find a better app that supports MTP.