In Rust, you have Cargo.toml, in go, it's a rather simple go.mod.
And even in embedded C, you have platformio which manages to make due with a few .ini files.
I would honestly love to see the cpp folks actually standardizing a proper build system and dependency manager.
Today, just building a simple QT app is usually a daunting task, and other compiled ecosystems show us it doesn't have to be.