It’s amusing to contemplate energy per cycle as one clocks higher and higher — the usual formula has the energy per cycle scaling roughly as voltage squared.

I recently turned turbo off on a small, lightly loaded Intel server. This reduced power by about a factor of 2, core temperature by 30-40C, and allowed running the fans much quieter. I’m baffled as to why the CPU didn’t do this on its own. (Apple gets these details right. Intel, not so much.)