This seems very basic to any kind of information processing beyond straight shot predictable transforms.
Expansion and reduction of possibilities, branches, scope, etc.
Biological and artificial neural networks converging into multiple signals, that are reduced by competition between them.
Scientific theorizing, followed by experimental testing.
Evolutionary genetic recombination and mutation, winnowed back by resource competition.
Generation, reduction, repeat.
In a continually coordinated sense too. Many of our systems work best by encouraging simultaneous cooperation and competition.
Control systems command signal proportional to demand, vs. continually reverse-acting error feedback.