One of the new features I found interesting, declarations for global variables, is buried in the reference manual. Here's a link to the section that discusses it: https://www.lua.org/manual/5.5/manual.html#2.2
Global-by-default scoping was one of Lua's largest mistakes. I wish they'd fix it, but of course it would break backwards compat.
Strictly speaking, Lua is not global by default. All free names, that is, all names unqualified with `local`, is actually indexed from a table `_ENV`, which is set to `_G`, the global environment. So, all free names are effectively global by default, but you can change this behavior by put this line at the top of your file `local _G = _G; _ENV = {};`. This way, all free names are indexed from this new table, and all access to the global names must explicitly be accessed through `_G`, which is a local variable now. However, I have never seen such practice. Maybe it is just too complicated to accept that all free names are global variables and you have to explicitly make it local.
Thanks to Lua’s great metaprogramming facilities, and the fact that _G is just a table, another workaround is to add a metamethod to _G that throws an error if you try to declare a global. That way you can still declare globals using rawset if you really want them, but it prevents you from declaring them accidentally in a function body.
yeah. I hate typing `local` for every variable. I would prefer they introduce some syntactic sugar like `let`(to mean local variable) and `const`(to mean local and constant).
“local” is the same as the “let” that you are describing, isn’t it? Just 2 chars longer.
Why did you find this interesting?
It indicates paving the path for local scoping in a future release where Lua 5 code is upgraded with global declarations to keep it working.
We have had local scoping for decades.
For me it's interesting because global variable declarations haven't been needed before, so why now? Also, I'm not sure `global` was reserved before, but now it seems to be.
The point now is so that if you use a `global` statement in your code, Lua will now error on misspellings of local variables when compiling, rather than defaulting to treat them as globals.
lua does not preserve compatibility between minor versions. As such they don't need to reserve words for future use.