There are two wavelengths of interest used:
a) 905 nm/940 nm (roof and bumpers): 70–100 µJ per pulse max, regulated by IEC 60825 since this WL is focused on the retina
b) 1550 nm systems (the Laser Bear Honeycomb): 8–12 mJ per pulse allowed (100x more photons since this WL stays the cornea)
The failure mode of these LIDARs can be akin to a weapon. A stuck mirror or frozen phased array turns into a continuous-wave pencil beam.
A 1550 nm LIDAR leaking 1W continuous will raise corneal temperature >5C in 100ms. The threshold for cataract creation is only 4C rise in temp.
A 905 nm Class 1 system stuck in one pixel gives 10 mW continuous on retina, capable of creating a lesion in 250ms or less.20 cars at an intersection = 20 overlapping scanners, meaning even if each meets single-device Class 1, linear addition could offer your retina a 20x dose enough to push into Class 3B territory. The current regs (IEC 60825-1:2014) assume single-source exposure. There is no standard for multi-source, multi-axis, moving-platform overlay.
Additionally, no LIDAR manufacturer publishes beam-failure shutoff latency. Most are >50ms, which can be long enough for permanent injury