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See https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.11717 Refusal in Language Models Is Mediated by a Single Direction (June 2024)

All “alignment” is extremely shallow, thus the general ease of jailbreaks.

The alignment has certainly become stronger though. Llama 3.1 is trivial to decensor with abliteration and Heretic's optimizer will rapidly converge to parameters that completely stomp out refusals, while for gpt-oss and Qwen3, most parameter configurations barely have an effect and it takes much longer to reach something that even slightly lowers the refusal rate.

It seems to me that thinking models are harder to decensor, as they are trained to think whether to accept your request.

It goes both ways. E.g. unmodified thinking Qwen is actually easier to jailbreak to talk about things like Tiananmen by convincing it that it is unethical to refuse to do so.

Yes, I wasn't clear, that is the paper I was reading, not the heretic readme.

Ah, I didn’t actually rtfa and see the paper there, I assumed from your comment it wasn’t mentioned and posted it having known about it :) Anyway hopefully it was useful for someone

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