All tax. Income tax, payroll tax, consumption tax
When all is accounted for ... The rich still pay a far larger share than the income they earn. It's why OECD rates the US as the most progressive tax system among member nations.
There is no effective taxation when avoidance is easy and risk-free.
It’s the same no matter if you want to use effective vs nominal. The numbers change, but relatively speaking they are roughly the same.
The tax was used to rile up the mobs by merchants/smugglers, because the monopoly tea was actually cheaper than what they could ship from Holland.