Apps used to use less ram but over the years apps have become big and more complicated. This is probably why iPhones feel sluggish because new iPhones have more memory and apps snap back faster as newer iPhones which also have faster storage and memory bandwidth to reduce latency of reading more data from the flash.
Batteries are also a problem as maintaining voltage is difficult for a 2-3 year old battery. An official battery swap at apple service for a 3 year old iPhone will make it run much better.
I used to believe (and sometimes I still do) that apple intentionally makes everything heavier to make old phones and devices feel slower but I don't think thats the case.
I think that more things are happening on newer phones and devices and that same task feels slower on older device. This happens are lot faster on iPhones and phones in general (a year or two) as opposed to Macs/computers which can show signs of aging in 4-5 years.
My 2018 intel computer feels very slow in 2025 running Gnome. No one slowed it down. It's just that the 2025 world of software is a lot heavier and 2026 will be even more and so on.
Not really sure what else they could have done there.
My old iPhone 7, before I eventually replaced it, would sometimes just die due to this as the battery aged (I kept the slowdown setting turned off). AFAIK it is _not_ a thing in any version after the 7 (or maybe 8?); certainly my 11 had a significantly degraded battery by the end (I kept it for four years), and didn't suffer this issue.
EDIT: Actually, I think this article is a _little_ inaccurate, or at least confusing:
> thus preventing the handsets from rapidly running out of juice and powering off.
IIRC the issue was, more precisely, that the SoCs had insufficient voltage smoothing to reliably tolerate full power draw at lowered voltages, and would shut off randomly. I assume the fix was, pretty much, more capacitors.
n=1.
I also have a 2018 iPad Pro and put iPadOS 26 on it and I haven't had any issues on it either except sometimes my keyboard is slow to connect. I'm not sure if it's the software or hardware though.
There's plenty of room for criticism without a blanket conspiracy that doesn't match what most can observe.