There's a neat mental model that there are four kinds of documentation: tutorials, how-to guides, explanation, and reference.

I think that examples fit into the first or the second kind; I'm not too concerned which category they belong to, because the point is that all kinds all have their place.

Source: https://docs.divio.com/documentation-system/ - someone has already linked it in another comment, but I think it's worth replying because the comments in this thread are arguing about which kind they like the most.