It's highly unlikely that the Romans could have had the industrial revolution[0], so I'm doubtful that calculus alone would have gotten them to Mars.
[0]: https://acoup.blog/2022/08/26/collections-why-no-roman-indus...
[0]: https://acoup.blog/2022/08/26/collections-why-no-roman-indus...
https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-642-18904-3
(Maybe the Greeks' themselves could have done it, they already had a rudimentary steam engine )
[-3]: https://en.uncyclopedia.co/wiki/AIDS_(Space_Program)#AIDS_Sp...