The advertising industry relies on ads being ineffective. That way you have spend more on them.
Having said that, look at all the evidence of platform fraud, auction fraud and click fraud that came out during the Google trial.
They control most of the signals that come back to the groups paying for ads, and every level of the system that generates that signal (inside and outside of Google) is designed to defraud the advertiser (and advertising firms).
Can you elaborate what you mean about the "system that generates that signal (inside and outside of Google) is designed to defraud the advertiser (and advertising firms)"?
Thanks