And don't forget _overdimensioning_. Vendors love this because volume scales cubically with increase in any one of width, height and depth -- they're not the ones carrying the phone, but they can pack more features into one, quite literally. FOSS vendors more so since they need more ground to compete on (hardware being older and price being high enough because of economy of scale).

No economies of scale. Niche things will always be more expensive.

If you are small, there is no way around it if you want to grow.

"overpricing" is often higher cost of parts at lower quantity, future R&D and other costs that are much higher than for big corporation.

Its not the OSS nature. Any product from scratch will be expensive to start with and reduce in price eventually. There is a reason why Tesla didn't start with Model Y first.

Underspeccing is specific to mobile industry. But I agree with you here. Going for premium specs is a better way to start. But they'll have to pick a specs that works for them the company and can reach maximum people. So I also acknowledge that it's tough.