I believe it's quite possible that what is happening during training is in certain ways similar to what is happening to a child learning the world, although there are many practical differences (and I don't even mean the difference between human neurons and the ones in a neural network).
Is there anything to feel uncomfortable about? It's been a long time since people started discussing the concept of "a self doesn't exist, we're just X" where X was the newest concept popular during that time. I'm 100% sure LLMs are not the last one.
(BTW as for LLMs themselves, there are still two big engineering problems to solve: quite small context windows and hallucinations. The first requires a lot of money to solve, the second needs special approaches and a lot of trial and error to solve, and even then the last 1% might be almost impossible to get working reliably.)