I remember reading a paper proposing error handling to be done only at function not block boundaries. A minimal change from the normal exceptions will be something like this:

    function foo(bar, quux, zut) try {
        var a = frobincate(bar, quux);
        return bubinate(a, zut);
    } catch (e) {
        // Stuff        
    } finally {
        // Stuff
    }

Whether such a change will make code easier to write, read and maintain is hard to say. Writing a language that compiles to JavaScript and uses that syntax shouldn't be that hard. I'm partly tempted, but I almost never program in JS