Not after Meta tried to circumvent GDPR by attemtpting to sell access to their services and let users pay with money OR personal data. If it's only the payment medium that changes, then charging VAT is logical.
If people pay with money then yes, that will be subject to tax somewhere.
That depends on jurisdiction, I guess. Here, paying with goods or services doesn't excempt the other party from paying VAT. I fail to see how that can't be applied when paying with intellectual property.
Anything can be applied - why isn't giving a street performer money subject to VAT? So yes, it could be applied.
I suspect if buskers earn enough they very well might be eligable for VAT.
( I am not a tax lawyer ).
That would only be if the income is VAT-taxable, or at least in the UK anyway. I am also not a lawyer but they appear to be defining the fairly nebulous "data value" as being VAT-taxable now. There's no rhyme or reason other than "country got power; country want more money",