> Having someone call and ask for your SSN is a non-starter.
That's not what he said. This hypothetical robocall would simply instruct you to call a different (known good, printed on your card) number to authenticate, at which point you know who's on the line.
> And in what world is SMS not available but being able to call that same phone is?
It's a good point about the robocall notification itself, but I imagine this kind of system wouldn't even need that to work in order to function. What actually unlocks your account is calling the bank's system and inputting your SSN; you could preemptively do it from another phone if you know you lost your 2FA codes and are trying to log in.
This person's idea would replace your phone number being your authentication with your phone number simply being used for a notification, shifting the actual authentication to something the bank already knows but that someone who stole your credit card (and maybe your phone along with it) wouldn't inherently have. I got a bad whiff from it at first, but after thinking about it a little more, I think it's a good idea.