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GitHub Actions by default provide isolated VM with root privilege to a workflow. Don’t think job level privilege isolation is in its threat model currently. Although it does allow job level scopes for the default GitHub token.

Also the secrets are accessible only when a workflow is invoked from trusted trigger ie. not from a forked repo. Not sure what else can be done here to protect against compromised 3rd party action.

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People have been running different levels of privileged code together on the same machine ever since the invention of virtual machines. We have lots of lightweight sandboxing technologies that could be used when invoking a particular action such as tj-actions/changed-files that only gives it the permissions it needs.

You may do a "docker build" in a pipeline which does need root access and network access, but when you publish a package on pypi, you certainly don't need root access and you also don't need access to the entire internet, just the pypi API endpoint(s) necessary for publishing.

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