Typed try/catch was tried in Java. The typing was not well liked and people voted with their feet to untyped exceptions. Euphoria turned to misery and golang emerged with returning errors explicitly. Overall I would say that the return value and error value shouldn't be split as in Golang. A result type that forces the user to account for the error when accessing the return is a much better approach. The compiler should make it fast.

> Exceptions (try/catch) became widespread much later

Exceptions, complete with try-catch-finally, were developed in the 60s & 70s, and languages such as Lisp and COBOL both adopted them.

So I'm not sure what you're calling "much later" as they fully predate C89, which is about as far back as most people consider when talking about programming languages.