I was curious about this too and did some searching. Found this source
https://www.oldphotosjapan.com/photos/882/19th-century-japan...
as well as the wikipedia page
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikyaku
I didn't see anything about tattoos or the eye makeup, but the loincloth definitely came up. That was their typical clothing, regardless of weather, although I find kind of hard to believe.