How so? Unless you grant Bluetooth permissions to apps (that then start broadcasting identifiers) or explicitly make your device discoverable, this shouldn't really be a thing.
> What's the point of leaving it on all the time when most of the time it's just going to drain your battery and open you up to being tracked or exploited.
Just people with a wearable have at least one Bluetooth device connected to their phone at all times. Bluetooth headphones are also very popular.
We need hardened and privacy-protecting Bluetooth stacks, not blaming people for using their phones as designed and advertised.
https://www.geoplugin.com/resources/geofencing-beacons-advan...
https://www.rfidjournal.com/news/long-range-ble-transmits-at...
https://easytechsolver.com/what-stores-use-bluetooth-beacons...
https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/06/14/opinion/bluet...
> We need hardened and privacy-protecting Bluetooth stacks, not blaming people for using their phones as designed
Phones are explicitly designed to collect and leak as much of your personal data as possible. Nobody us going to implement hardened bluetooth stacks that protect you because that defeats the whole purpose. We're lucky they allow us to disable bluetooth at all. They've already changed airplane mode to continue using wireless and bluetooth even when enabled. Any useful features of bluetooth you might use with your phone is probably just bait to get to leak more of your data. They've removed headphone jacks to force your hand, but most people could at least make sure that bluetooth isn't enabled while it isn't in active use.
What benefit would phone manufacturers have from their devices being trackable via Bluetooth, or if it's not themselves, who is paying them for it?
Also, I'd love to see an answer to my original question: How exactly do you track a stock iPhone or Pixel with Bluetooth enabled? Neither transmit a persistent identifier, and none of the technologies linked change anything about that. They require explicit cooperation of an app on the device side, which is gated behind a prompt on both iOS and Android.
Your last link actually suggests the opposite: Bluetooth beacons allow apps to position themselves more accurately indoors and then do with that information whatever they want – if you grant that permission in the first place.
In Google's case, they use bluetooth to track the location of android users and the bluetooth devices near them. In addition to data collection, it helps their "Find my Device" network. I suspect Apple's system also uses bluetooth to identify nearby apple devices and beacons.
Obviously phone manufactures are primarily self-interested, but part of that also means offering extensive data collection opportunities to third parties such as app and accessory developers to attract people to their platform.
> Also, I'd love to see an answer to my original question: How exactly do you track a stock iPhone or Pixel with Bluetooth enabled?
While I don't have a pixel or an iphone, it does appear that there are ways to passively track these devices via bluetooth:
https://www.theregister.com/2021/10/22/bluetooth_tracking_de...
https://cec.gmu.edu/news/2025-02/find-my-hacker-how-apples-n...
Yes, these services being enabled by default isn't great, but if you're claiming that there's any data collection or intentional device broadcasting happening beyond that, i.e. at the base OS level, I'd be happy to see evidence of that (as I would also find that very concerning).
Regarding antenna/transmission chain/baseband fingerprinting: These are indeed concerning, and I hope there will be countermeasures available at some point. But these should theoretically affect all radio technologies, right? In that case, turning off (just) Bluetooth would not help much, given that phones have at least one other permanently enabled radio. It's a different story for devices that have only Bluetooth, of course.
https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/15/business/attention-shoppe...
In what way is a modern Bluetooth device (let's assume both classic and LE) uniquely identifiable, other than for the caveats mentioned above? 2013 was indeed over a decade ago.
Also according to my experience there is no "permission for bluetooth", it all falls under "Phone" or whatever other permission on Android.
Bluetooth was a mistake.