I've certainly noticed it breaking the "ctrl+f5 refreshes everything" convention in recent versions, which can be a pain when testing new code and may cause problems for users on the release of new code if you don;t vary filenames (or other parts of the request).
This is for script included using a simple <script> tag, not something that is loaded dynamically, so that isn't the cause.
The solution I've used is to either close and reopen Chrome (yep: close all windows and restart, Google is becoming the new Microsoft in this manner!) or load the script file in a different tab and hit ctrl+f5 there first (it obeys the refresh then, and updates the memory cache that other tabs are using too).