The problem with extracting things from tailings is that they are often contaminated with low levels of Thorium. Extracting the other things like Lithium, Sulfur etc, starts to build up the quantity of Thorium. Which sounds good if you want to build a molten salt Thorium reactor; I understand that China and India have prototype to come on line around 2027. Based on designs and experimental units that the US did in the ~1950s.
The tailing problem is that the company is how handling Nuclear Grade Material which causes the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to show up at the mine site. No mine wants to deal with this paper work, and health ramifications, headache so the tailings are not used.
If the profit ratio to headaches would improve things might change.
The tailings do not become nuclear waste when we decide to use them for something.
If you want an actual bomb, you need that U233 without any thorium, because the thorium mostly just turns to U233 when it absorbs a thermal neutron (i.e. slowed down by a moderator like graphite). In a bomb you're relying on fast neutrons.
Read enough books/articles on thorium reactors and you'll come across a photo of the US thorium stockpile, which is a great big stack of pure thorium bricks.
It doesn't always come from mining. A huge problem with acid rock drainage (ARD) showed up when they built a freeway in Pennsylvania by merely exposing the rock.
The concept of making batteries out of drainage because both contain sulfur is like making socks out of cow manure because both contain carbon. There's so much of the latter that you could never use it all, but also the ingredient is dirt cheap in pure form.
I have a side project that could convert ARD into industrial strength sulfuric acid, which is unbelievably difficult to buy and transport, despite it being the most common industrial chemical in the world after water.
https://youtu.be/Lxfpgqn6NOo?feature=shared
One of the larger sinks for waste sulfur might be stratospheric injection for geoengineering, which is looking increasingly likely.
There's an enormous belt of pyrite in Spain that has caused a river, the Rio Tinto, to be one of the most acid rivers on the planet.
Think of it like the husk of a corn cob, or the cob of your corn. It's a byproduct of the very things we're looking for in mining.
The only other activity that could get hose minerals is indistinguishable from magic.
It might have something to do with the inferred activities of Rio Tinto, a transnational corporation that is one of the largest mining firms in the world.
But before the mining operations? Probably not very polluted. It's the mining doing the polluting, not the belt of pyrite simply existing.
From the wikipedia page:
"The discovery of multiple oxide terraces mediated by microorganisms at up to 60 metres above the current water level, and as far away as 20 kilometres from the current river's path, may suggest that the unusual ecosystem is a natural phenomenon since before human mining activities started in this region.[9]"
https://www.southernfriedscience.com/alberta-canada-is-the-p...
Almost everything humans do requires an extensive life cycle analysis.
but you know, lets just cut everything and pretend that'll improve our assessments of reality.