> Chinese cyber organizations openly acknowledge and publicize their partnerships. This openness was particularly interesting to observe and may be influenced by cultural factors, such as the Confucian emphasis on shared knowledge and a political framework that encourages collective efforts.

I or anyone outside obviously cannot verify the technical details. However, the above statement struck as particularly uninformed. As any engineer in East Asia can tell you, there is nothing especially collaborative about tech in Confucian culture; if anything, the engineers in that region admire the free speech and discussion traditionally prized in the Western culture. Calling Chinese political framework, especially in the context of national security, conducive to open public discussion was quite ironic to see.

Edit: the punchline is this. If a friend who is always secretive and deceptive about his personal life is suddenly openly discussing his life, what does that say about the details he just disclosed and/or the situation he is currently in?

source: I regularly work with engineers from that culture and studied relevant geopolitics.