It's not some unspecified "they". It's because the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965 forbids the US having a national curriculum, and hence having nationwide-standardized tests
of an entire curriculum (rather than much narrower skills, like basic reading/writing/math), unlike almost every other OECD country does (German Abitur, French Baccalauréat, even Chinese Gaokao, etc.) at HS completion. Hence the US federal ED can't meaningfully measure (HS-leaving) student outcomes across states/counties/districts, not now, not ever. (The 1965 ESEA was a severe compromise forced on LBJ by southern voters opposing public-funded integrated education). NCLB (2002-2015) didn't meaningfully fix any of this, and was replaced by ESSA (2015), which does not standardize across states.
Hence given the federal ED is prohibited from meaningfully measuring student outcomes, their metrics focus on other things which are worse proxies and more gameable.
I wonder if any study has ever quantified the economic cost to the US of not having nationally-standardized measurements of educational outcomes for all HS students, and what that cost is. (Even the ones who never apply to college. Especially the ones who never apply to college. Also the ones who don't graduate.)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_and_Secondary_Educa...