Don't all the ad-blocking DNS providers also support DNS-over-HTTPS now as well? I use it with AdGuard Home, and I saw PiHole supports it as well.
Even some of the most popular desktop web browsers are configured to utilize DoH by default nowadays.
The most that a network administrator can do to prevent this is configure firewall IP blocklists of known DoH servers and NAT all outbound 53 (and 853) traffic to a desired resolver (like a local Pi-hole instance, for example).
A firewall (which must also host a resolver) can choose to block requests to IPs it hasn't resolved domain names for.
This is something I implemented for an Android firewall app I co-develop; it works nicely enough.
A firewall (which must also host a resolver)
Is that true? Per what spec are you referring to?