They can't control the contents of the message, but they used the gmail "+" feature to cram the "case ID" onto the target email they created the Workspace account for, making that seem real.
Never trust an incoming call, especially if it's talking about authentication problems you didn't know you had.
Googler, opinions my own (and I'm not an expert in this particular space).
(I know it wouldn't necessarily have stopped this phishing attempt.)
(I have to admit I haven't used the UI in question, and I can't find a screenshot of it on Google Images. Maybe this is a lot safer than I'm imagining.)
Still, remember this is MFA - at least I'm pretty sure you can't have this as the only way to access your account. An attacker typically needs your password plus you to misclick here.