Given Typescript has preferred opt-in strictness flags for its recommendations, the two big places that seem to be Typescript's best documentation of "deprecated" features seems to be:

1) verbatimModuleSyntax -- https://www.typescriptlang.org/tsconfig/#verbatimModuleSynta...

2) isolatedModules -- https://www.typescriptlang.org/tsconfig/#isolatedModules

Between the two of those flags, enums and namespaces and a few other things get disabled.

The flag documentation doesn't explain what the modern equivalents are, though. I suppose that's currently left to blog posts like the one linked here.