Look at oppression of unpopular groups. They've started with groups, such as undocumented immigrants and trans people, already unpopular groups and easy targets. They demonize them extensively and make oppression acceptable to the public. Now there is precedent; by now, people don't even object to it on the grounds of human rights, justice, or humanitarianism; stereotype, prejudice, and hatred are no longer taboo. Soon there will be camps, a police force accustomed to and trained in mass arrest, and a public accustomed to it as a legitimate mechanism.
Part of the core reason that TikTok didn't want to divest was that they had ownership of a damn good algorithm and didn't want to share it. It's not a big leap from this to banning other companies that might have competing algorithms that could eat into major US corporations. If Egypt designs a better X does Elon get to urge it's bad because it's a threat?
I also think it's a pretty badly written bill in general. The bill won't punish or ByteDance. It punishes the digital infrastructure companies like Apple, Google and Oracle who provide the ability to download the app or the database.
I'm not defending TikTok or claiming it's not an security threat. I just think that the bill is poorly written and doesn't deal with the actual root of the problem.
[0] https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7521...