It appears that anonymized data medical data are being sold en masse by providers (*) because money. But it's also obvious to us tech folk how trivial it is to combine anonymized patient encounters with location and credit card purchase data etc to de-anonymize it and resell as enriched.
So the only people who are effectively bound by HIPAA are the well-intentioned ones who have to protect themselves and and comply; the rest are laughing at them on the way to the bank.
* https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/23/22547397/medical-records-...
* https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-data-brokers-...
* https://www.medicaleconomics.com/view/who-profits-our-medica...