In previous versions of Android it was possible for apps to store data in an arbitrary folder on the device (if the user granted the relevant permission).
That resulted in it being quite difficult for the OS to identify which files and folders related to any single app.
In more modern versions of Android, most apps are no longer allowed to write wherever they want, and are encouraged to only store data in a private folder (like iOS).
A backup system is now present that can back things up in a manner to iOS, but it's limited to 25MB per app, and some apps opt out: