“In the current form nwipe does not sanitize solid state drives (hereinafter referred to as SSDs) of any form (SAS / Sata / NVME) and / or form factor (2.5" / 3.5" / PCI) fully due to their nature: SSDs, as the transistors contained in the memory modules are subject to wear, contain in most cases additional memory modules installed as failover for broken sectors outside of the host accessible space (frequently referred to as "overprovisioning") and for garbage collection.”

Interesting and that they don’t mention Enhanced Security Erasure; that SATA command would take care of the broken sectors and firmware reserved sectors. HDPARM is capable of issuing the command if the SSD/HDD supports it and HDPARM is the tool they seem to be using. Not sure what they are using for NVME though as they use PCIE…not SATA commands. Maybe sedutil from OPAL? Anywho, tor most drives whether SSD, HDD or NVME you can ‘erase’ it by simply setting and deleting my the KEK and UEK but to securely erase you want to do security enhanced erase data command that runs locally in the drive and is independent of the OS.