Success is about the skills, contributions and value you bring to the table, not about how much you talk
Also particularly in large organisations, work is not a perfect information game - there is no easy way to assign a fair / public a "value" to people to let you compare two employees. Most people will need to sell themselves or have other people sell them to get noticed, and some degree of social bonding can go a long way with this.
as someone else put it: there are sides in office politics, and by choosing not to play you are picking a side by default, which is often the losing side.
"you can't be neutral on a moving train"
Your skills and contributions don't matter at all as long as they are not so bad that people absolutely can not ignore it. Companies are mostly build on diffusing individual responsibility. Even if you majorly mess up as long as the right people like you you will be fine.
Doesn't mean one needs to be an extrovert. Just have good social skills in general. It really depends on what your superiors prefer and the general company culture. Sometimes being quiet and not sticking out can be an asset as well. Sometimes people will like you because you have (or pretend to have) deep technical knowledge, sometimes they will hate you because you make them feel inferior and it is better to play dumb. Know your audience.
I only examples I can think of where you are valued but not liked is maybe when you are valued as a scapegoat or something, like abusive stuff but generally being liked and providing value should be ideally be the same.
Of course you can be liked for different aspects, be it for performing well and so making your superiors look good to being a yes-man who validates their ideas or plainly being quiet and low maintenance. Depends on who is managing you.