> Yet one thing that these minimalistic text-based interfaces are terrible for is rendering mathematical notation.

You can notate mathematics using text. In fact the mathematic notation rendered to vector graphics/bitmaps is typically rendered from such text-based notation.

Mathematics is increasingly done using text-based notation (e.g. Lean, Mathematica, SymPy), which I actually prefer because it's typically unambiguous unlike the traditional notation with wildly varying conventions and a lot left implicit or even ill-defined.