Here's a quick summary of what this is. It's a partially-obfuscated piece of malware, which claims to demonstrate a zero-day (that is, unpatched and previously unknown) security vulnerability affecting Intel Core 2 Duo and Intel Atom processors, allowing privilege escalation from inside a Javascript interpreter up to kernel memory. I don't know whether it actually works, since I'm not brave enough to experiment with it, but it's likely that it does.

If this works as advertised, then if you have an affected CPU, it is a zero-day exploit affecting every web browser on every operating system, both desktop and mobile, as long as you have Javascript enabled. Until a workaround has been found, any site which serves you Javascript or any of its advertising networks could use it to give you malware.

If you are using Noscript and also blocking Flash, then you are probably safe. To protect yourself, you should, first of all, use ad-blocking software, because ad networks are more likely to distribute malware than the sites they advertise on. Second, you should use only the most security hardened browser, which is Google Chrome; it's not clear whether Chrome's hardening will actually help, but it's likely that it will, and also that it will be the first to have a workaround. And third, you should be immediately suspicious if your browser crashes unexpectedly.