I highly recommend Orin Kerr's article, The Case For The Third Party Doctrine, on this issue (available here: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1138128).
A much different constitutional analysis when the data is requested from a cellular service provider, versus when it is gathered directly by state actors (police).
Kerr is simply fantastic on these issues. Worth reading more of his Fourth Amendment writing if you are interested.