Very many do - https://m.gsmarena.com/results.php3?chkBarometer=selected
When you remove the filter, it returns 12177 results. So only ~5% of phone models include a barometer.
That seems unlikely in an environment with no cellular / wifi signal. Theoretically possible, but expensive for battery and probably disallowed by the OS.
146/1109
now correct it for number of sold phones each (estimated by looking at the 70 most popular models) and we'll get why they said 1/4.