RTO, after years of hiring remote only positions, IS changing an employee's work location. Grindr employees worked from home 5 days a week, across the US. Then the RTO would make engineers move to Chicago and go into an office 2 times a week. In what world is this RTO not changing employee's work location?
You don't have to be a genius to figure out that hiring fully remote means you will get workers all over the US. The executives knew that, were counting on that, and have benefited a lot from that. I don't think you should be able to get away with an "erm, akshually" level technicality.
There's precident for "we're transferring you to the Chicago office, Bob" and Bob would just pack up the family from wherever they were living and move. This was common in the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s at least for white collar jobs.
It's a consistently downward trend: https://www.freddiemac.com/sites/g/files/ynjofi111/files/sty...
My completely uninformed assumption is that this (inverse) graph has something to do with it, since anybody who finds a “good thing” in any region would be increasingly unlikely to want to give it up: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/USSTHPI
Also protected activities.
Trying to mask a layoff by taking actions that mostly affect the group they're trying to layoff... is an illegal layoff. See: https://www.dir.ca.gov/dlse/cal-warnact.html
And, california has shown repeatedly that they're perfectly willing to enforce cal-WARN on companies that barely have a CA presence... never-mind ones that have their HQ there. Yes, this includes layoffs that don't touch a CA resident.