I had a resume in TeX, distributed as PDF, which I verified could be parsed as text by open source PDF readers, but later learned that ATS software had still been silently throwing away my resume.
You can also try uploading your to the various job sites (e.g., LinkedIn, Indeed, Wellfound), if you don't already have a profile there, and see what they do with it.
You can also test it when applying to employers that use one of the popular SaaSes (the kind that asks you for your LinkedIn, then makes you upload your resume PDF/.doc, then makes you use Web forms to fix what they parsed).
(I currently do my resume in LibreOffice, and distribute as PDF, on the assumption that will be closer to the MS Word output that ATS sees the most of.)
Of your options my thought is HTML to pdf via the browser is most tested.