That's the entire point of the elaboration that TFA goes into on the research in this area: while the idea feels like it "makes sense", it actually doesn't, and the research appears to confirm that it is just junk science.
The larger point is that it's just C-suite grift, and they're just shoveling bull to appear as if they're knowledgeable leaders.
But the reason a multinational like Microsoft might promote a growth mindset are different. Employees who are open minded are able to work with others and collaborate more effectively. Employees who actively seek new data and try to invalidate their preconceptions can be more successful in large sprawling organisations.
"The theory is that..."
Yeah, we know. But the theory is false. Facts don't care about your feelings, and the replicability crisis doesn't care whether you "think the idea makes sense".