As someone new to Docker, the thing that is never answered (including in this post, the irony of the title...) is what an actual dev workflow looks like.

Let's say I'm working on a web app. I start my container, awesome. Now I make a code change. What do I do? Since the code is copied in the container, do I have to stop, rebuild the image, and start again? Or does it automagically rebuild like most frameworks support? And how about debugging, are there any hoops to jump through connecting a debugger to a container? And what about the filesystem. If I need to inspect the output of something, say a log file in the container, is that easy to do? I've tried this before and got pretty lost trying to access the filesystem.

None of these questions are obvious to Docker beginners like myself. We get the whole "consistent environment" benefits of Docker, now talk about a practical workflow please. :)

edit: thanks for the answers!