Also true for Abugida-based languages, for eg. சரம் (saram = string) vs மரம் (maram = tree), and many more. I think your intention with specifying "alphabetic languages" was to say "non-logographic languages", right?
And even in Chinese it's a fairly weak relationship. A large portion of the meanings of individual characters come from sound loan. For example the 英 in 英雄 means "hero", in 英语 means "England", an in 精英 means "flower". The relationship there is simple homophony.
On the other hand, one thing you do get with written Chinese is that "1 character = 1 morpheme" very nearly works. So mechanistically breaking a text into a sequence of morphemes can be done pretty reliably without the aid of a semantic model or exhaustive hard-coded mapping. I think that for many other languages you can't even get close using only syntactic analysis.
Written Japanese is much more ideographic than written Chinese. Japanese spelling is determined, such as it is, by semantics. Chinese spelling is determined by sound. Thus, 女的, 娘们, and 妮子, all meaning 'girl' or 'woman', have no spelling in common because they are different words, while Japanese uses 女 for "jo" and "onna" despite a total lack of any relationship between those words.